In recent years, the large internet data center with high energy consumption has gradually become the key area of energy saving. Based on the analysis of electricity demand characteristics and the electricity price mechanism in a data center, a collaborative optimal configuration model of photovoltaic and energy storage battery based on economic dispatch is proposed. Through this model, the optimal configuration scheme of photovoltaic and energy storage battery is obtained to reduce the operational cost of a data center. The scheme ensures that the data center is less dependent on the local power grid and makes full use of the photovoltaic power supply. A simulation example reveals that, in the same data center structure, load and operating environment, the scheme has effectively reduced the operating cost of the system and has high practical value. This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. NY71-16-045) and Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Energy Storage Conversion and Application (China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.) (No. NYN51201801326) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51777126).