Aiming at the risk of power imbalance and line overload caused by unpredictable fluctuations of wind power at super-resolution time scales, this paper proposes a robust security-constrained economic dispatch method considering super-resolution wind power uncertainty. First, a wind power output model is developed to capture super-resolution uncertainty with high granularity based on the interval variation ranges of wind power forecasts at the primary time scale and the fluctuation rates at the secondary time scale. On this basis, by introducing feasible operation constraints at the secondary time scale, a robust real-time security-constrained economic dispatch model incorporating super-resolution wind uncertainty is formulated. Then, since the secondary time-scale operational constraints involve stochastic variables, making the model difficult to solve directly, the constraints are analyzed and equivalently transformed into a set of tractable deterministic constraints represented by several worst-case scenarios. Finally, case studies on the modified 6-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems demonstrate that the proposed model and methodology can effectively address the issues of power imbalance and line flow violations caused by nonlinear inter-temporal wind power fluctuations.