Although there are many wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocols, most fail to fully consider the effects of communication distance and electromagnetic interference in the sensor environment, making them unsuitable for power industry applications. This paper proposes a WSN routing protocol that considers sensor node density, communication distance, and link quality. Given the problem that numerous sensors in power transmission and substation scenarios do not have networking capability, a solution is proposed in which more powerful sink nodes are used to receive sensor data and establish the network. First, according to the actual sensor deployment location, clustering is performed according to the density-reachability principle and communication distance constraints, and each cluster is assigned a sink node with sufficient energy and certain computing capacity. Then, considering the communication distance and link quality between the sink nodes, a weighted directed graph of the sink node network is constructed, and the optimal routing paths are obtained using Dijkstra’s algorithm to build the routing table. Finally, simulation results show that when 50% of nodes fail, the proposed algorithm extends network lifetime by 72.5%, 82.8%, and 52.1% compared with the classical low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, centralized low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, and improved low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocols, respectively. In addition, a simple WSN is built in the laboratory to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.