The large-scale integration of wind power into the grid has led to a reduction in power system inertia and frequency response resources, highlighting frequency security issues under large disturbances. To address the challenges of wind power uncertainty and the reduced system inertia, a robust unit commitment (UC) model considering wind power frequency support capability and operational risk is proposed. First, a frequency security operational constraint model is established through the dynamic swing equation of frequency deviation after active power, and is embedded into the UC problem. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of wind power output, a robust feasible range definition for wind power output is proposed to characterize the safe operating range of the system’s wind power acceptance, and based on this, a system operational risk model is proposed. Finally, based on two-stage robust optimization theory, a robust optimization model for UC considering wind power frequency support capability and operational risk is proposed, and the column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is used to solve the model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through simulations conducted on the IEEE 9-bus and 118-bus testing systems.