To address the transient instability issue of grid-forming (GFM) inverters during short-circuit faults, which can lose their equilibrium point, this paper proposes a transient stability enhancement strategy based on integral feedback of angular frequency deviation. First, a transient stability analysis model of a GFM inverter is established, considering the current limitation and integral feedback branch of angular frequency deviation. The influence mechanism of the integral feedback coefficient of angular frequency deviation on the transient stability of GFM inverters is analyzed. Next, a design method for the integral feedback coefficient is proposed, one which can ensure that the system maintains a stable equilibrium point during faults while achieving fault ride-through by keeping the acceleration area no greater than the deceleration area. Moreover, the proposed method does not require obtaining information such as system power angle, line impedance, and depth of grid voltage sag. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments on the Starsim platform.