With the increase of the penetration rate of electric buses, it is more and more practical to study its charging load modeling and adjustable potential. Therefore, a multi-period load modeling and adjustable potential evaluation method for electric buses based on data-driven and model-driven is proposed. First, by analyzing the factors affecting the load characteristics, electric buses are classified based on their operational status, and a basis for period division is proposed. Secondly, the fitting function model is determined based on the historical data, and the parameters of the load model are determined in combination with the multi period charging characteristics of electric buses, and the multi period load analytical model of electric buses is established. Then, considering the demand constraints of the grid and user sides comprehensively, the changes in the number of electric buses that can participate in the regulation in each period are analyzed, and an analytical evaluation model of the multi-period adjustable potential is proposed. Finally, an example is verified with the actual historical data of the electric buses in a certain place. The results show that the load modeling and adjustable potential evaluation method has strong applicability and effectiveness, providing strong support for grid peak shaving and valley filling.