Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology enables grid-connected inverters to exhibit external characteristics similar to synchronous generators. The primary factors influencing the transient stability of the VSG system are virtual inertia and damping coefficients. However, existing control strategies suffer from a lack of flexibility during parameter adjustment, failing to effectively address transient stability and recovery time issues in the system. To address this issue, this paper proposes the concept of dynamically adjusting the damping compensation amount. It considers the damping coefficient and damping compensation amount together as the equivalent damping coefficient of the system. A RBF-based VSG virtual inertia and dynamic damping compensation adaptive control strategy is designed to achieve decoupling among parameters. This strategy enables the damping of the system to be dynamically adjusted as the system frequency changes. By establishing a mathematical model for the VSG, specific parameter ranges are determined. Finally, this paper builds a VSG system on a simulation platform and validates the superiority of the proposed control strategy over traditional RBF control strategies in conditions of output fluctuation and low-voltage ride through.