With the continuous access of distributed generation units, DC microgrid gradually presents the characteristics of low inertia and weak damping, and the DC bus voltage will suddenly change or become unstable with power disturbance. In this paper, variable droop control is used to provide virtual inertia for the system. Through root locus analysis, it is proved that when variable droop control provides virtual inertia for the system, the damping of the system will be weakened, resulting in the risk of continuous oscillation of DC microgrid. On this basis, this paper designs an adaptive coordinated control strategy of virtual inertia and damping. Its control function takes voltage as the independent variable to provide virtual inertia and active damping for the system under large disturbance and small disturbance, so as to improve the low inertia and weak damping characteristics of DC microgrid and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control strategy is verified by building a DC microgrid model on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. This work is supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51977001).