A virtual power plant (VPP) guides users to participate in the electricity market through demand response (DR), giving full play to the flexibility of distributed generation dispatching. However, the traditional VPP dispatching strategy has the limitation of single user type. To tackle this limitation, this paper proposes a VPP economic optimization dispatching model which takes into account the marginal blackout cost of hierarchical users and takes into consideration the uncertainty of wind, solar and DR. First, the DR incentive model is established based on the commonality and characteristics of each user’s response behavior. Then, considering an incentive compatibility constraint, a VPP economic optimization scheduling model is constructed, one which takes into account the system operating cost and DR utility at the same time. Finally, a simulation analysis of a detailed case study verifies the feasibility of the proposed model. Compared with the traditional incentive strategy, the proposed approach, which takes into account the initiative and diversity of users, can enhance and balance the economic benefits of both supply and demand sides.