To realize autonomous economic operation of an electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage microgrid in an island state and reduce the dependence of the system operation on the communication network, this paper proposes a DC microgrid economic droop control strategy that considers efficiency characteristics. It fully considers the operating characteristics of each subsystem of the hybrid electric-hydrogen energy storage system, and studies the relationship between system operation and efficiency. It constructs a cost function of the hybrid electric-hydrogen energy storage DC microgrid system with the efficiency characteristics. In addition, it combines the complementary operation modes of the hybrid system to drive the subsystem to implement the operational scheme of the hybrid electric-hydrogen energy storage system based on cost decentralization, thereby improving the autonomous economic performance of the DC microgrid. Finally, real-time simulation is carried out on the RT-LAB experimental platform. The results show that, compared with traditional economic droop control, the proposed control strategy can achieve stable operation of the system in the high-efficiency range, verifying the neeed for efficiency characteristics; in a one-day operation experiment, its operating cost is reduced by 10.38%, verifying the economics of the proposed strategy. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52007157).