With the rapid growth in the distribution netwrok of distributed power sources, energy storage and electric vehicles, the operating conditions of the distribution network become more and more complex and variable. This paper proposes a novel approach for the health status assessment of the distribution network including the network structure. The purpose is to accurately determine the real-time operating conditions and health status of the distribution network in order to identify defects in network operation and formulate reasonable safety control measures. First, based on the electrical and non-electrical variable states of the distribution equipment during operation, a health index of the equipment is calculated. The health index of the distribution equipment layer is obtained using the goal-oriented method, which can evaluate the health status of the distribution equipment layer. Then, the four dimension indices of reliability, safety, economy and environmental protection on the real-time operational status of the distribution network are chosen to establish a network structure indicator system. The indicators are modified by introducing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and D-S evidence theory to obtain a health index of the network structure layer. This can be used to evaluate the network structure health status. The method comprehensively considers the health index of the distribution equipment and the network structure layers together to evaluate the health status of the distribution network. The data are collected based on a 10 kV distribution network. Simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51707056).