In order to solve the problem that the scenario of a DC distribution network planning is not well targeted, the network topology planning scheme of a DC distribution network in different scenarios is proposed. The application scenarios of a DC power grid are divided into residential areas, industrial parks and new energy concentration areas. For different application scenarios, a new reliability index calculation method is proposed using AHP. Combined with the idea of variable weight and considering the economy and reliability of a power grid comprehensively, the planning model of a DC power grid planning is developed. Using the improved artificial bee colony algorithm of maximum and minimum product, taking IEEE standard 14 node circuit as the object, this paper optimizes the planning model in three scenarios, and compares the performance of the algorithm before and after the improvement with the griewank function. The simulation results show that the route planning scheme meets the requirements of each scene, and the convergence speed and accuracy of the improved bee colony algorithm are enhanced. The method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for DC distribution network planning. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51777142) and the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company (No. 5217L018000N).