In order to recognize voltage source converter (VSC) of VSC-HVDC system fault type and fault location, a simple and rapid method for fault discrimination and location is presented after the analysis of fault characteristics of converter. Based on the system simulation of two-level VSC-HVDC, the DC voltage and DC current fluctuation components mathematical calculation models and two sides AC fault current mathematical calculation models under condition of single-phase disconnection fault are built respectively, the relationship between AC and DC side harmonics is analyzed, and then the VSC fault harmonic transfer law is obtained. According to the VSC fault mathematical models and harmonic transfer law, the harmonic components of DC current, RMS value of AC current and normalized DC component are taken as diagnosis characteristic quantities, then a simple and high-speed fault location method is put forward to identify minor fault locations. The simulation results show that the method presented for fault discrimination and location can accurately identify minor fault type and fault location of VSC in real time, the diagnosis time is up to 35 ms. This work is supported by Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Education Department (No. 15JK1477).