Aiming at the shortcoming of voltage distortion caused by high-speed electrified railway harmonic and negative sequence current and the complexity and longer delay of command current detection process leading to results containing error under balance transformer power supply, this paper proposes a fast and accurate method to extract the instruction current without phase-locked loop circuit. The method extracts fundamental voltage by a simple number multiplication, and uses synchronous detection method to accurately detect the command current signal and to balance the power of two supply arms, make current symmetrical and phased with fundamental voltage of the supply arm, eliminating the effects of reactive power, harmonic and negative-sequence current on three-phase power system. Compared with traditional detection method with phase-locked loop based on principle of phase and instantaneous reactive power theory, this method is simpler and faster, and not subject to the effect of grid distortion. Simulation analysis verifies the correctness and feasibility of the detection method in the electrified traction power supply system voltage distortion.