Due to the existence of transition resistance, protection action behavior is complicated and the fault location results are often inaccurate when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs in HV transmission lines. To solve the above problems, a high-resistance grounding fault identification and fault location method is proposed. The core idea of this algorithm is to analyze the current vector of every line in fault zone and zero-sequence current ratio of the trip line based on the fault records. According to the sequence network fault analysis and differential protection principles, grid relay protection distributed calculation system is used to identify and locate the faults. Fault calculation and line inspection results show that the proposed method is slightly affected by transition resistance and load currents, their fault location results are accurate for high-resistance grounding fault, thus the method can meet the requirement of on-site application.